Dynamics of Relations between China and the US Post-Pandemic

The dynamics of relations between China and the United States (US) have experienced significant changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of the virus has not only changed the manner of global interaction, but also deepened tensions between the two great powers. In this context, several main aspects can be explained to understand the ongoing dynamics. First, the economic aspect is the main focus. After the pandemic, both countries are trying to recover their economies. The US and China are each other’s main trading partners, but the tariff policies of the previous US administration have created uncertainty in trade. Post-pandemic, there is pressure to restore disrupted supply chains. In this case, companies in the US are starting to look for alternatives outside China to reduce the risk of dependence, but there is still interest in maintaining trade relations with each other. Furthermore, technological competition has become increasingly intensive. The US sees China’s high-tech development, particularly in the 5G field, as a potential threat. Restrictions on Chinese technology companies, such as Huawei, signal defensive moves by the US. This has implications for previously well-established scientific collaborations, which are now hampered by distrust. In a geopolitical context, issues such as the South China Sea and Taiwan increasingly add complexity to bilateral relations. Rising tensions in the Asia-Pacific region have been triggered by China’s aggressive military activities. The US responded by increasing its military presence in the region, refining strategic alliances with countries such as Japan and Australia to respond to Chinese expansion. The social aspect is also no less important. The tensions created by the pandemic—such as the stigma against Chinese citizens in the US—have affected public perceptions. This has an impact on immigration and embassy policies, which causes a decrease in mobility between the two countries. The partnership in the health sector is following a more collaborative path, with both countries seeking to cooperate on vaccine research and the response to future pandemics. However, doubts about information transparency from the Chinese side remain an obstacle to deeper collaboration. In the diplomatic field, many efforts have been made to reduce tensions, although they have not been completely successful. Established dialogue, both official and unofficial, is increasingly important to find a way out of the existing conflict. The desire for stability in international relations encouraged both sides to continue talks. Overall, many factors will shape the dynamics of relations between China and the US after the pandemic. This relationship is not only influenced by their respective national interests but also by the broader global context. In facing this challenge, both countries will be required to work together further to achieve stability and better future prospects for both parties.