Whether you’re an international negotiator or a homeowner trying to settle a dispute, diplomacy can be a valuable tool. It involves establishing goodwill and cultivating relationships with foreign nations and peoples, often in an effort to promote peace or secure favorable trade terms.
But diplomacy is also a complex undertaking, with multiple tracks and a variety of practitioners. The history of diplomacy can be traced back to ancient civilizations, when envoys carried messages between rulers. The Amarna letters, a series of clay tablets from the 14th century BCE, are among the earliest records of diplomatic correspondence. Later, the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the resulting diplomatic rights helped lay the foundation for modern diplomacy.
Modern diplomacy takes place in a wide range of environments, from high-level summits and intergovernmental organizations to cultural exchanges and the private sector. Nevertheless, there are some core concepts that should guide all diplomats.
One is a deep understanding of the different cultures of the world and their communication styles. For example, some cultures are more direct, while others prefer nuanced and implicit messaging. A keen understanding of these differences allows a diplomat to adapt their approach and create a productive dialogue.
Another crucial element is preparation. A good diplomat will study their counterpart extensively before the meeting and will be able to understand their motivations, needs and concerns. Then they will be able to develop strategies and tactics that help them achieve their goals. This is the kind of empathy that Jimmy Carter showed in working with Menachem Begin at Camp David and the courage that Anwar Sadat displayed when he broke from traditional patterns to work with Israel’s Catholic and Protestant communities, as well as the intelligence Henry Kissinger exhibited in opening to China.